In this lecture, we will introduce the Chi-square goodness-of-fit test. It is useful when we want to compare some categorical distributions observed from the data to a theoretical distribution. We will go through the intuition, the logic and the use case of it. We are going to revisit what you learnt during high school: the Mendel’s Plant Hybridisation experiments. You will be introduced to a very famous debate in the history of science.
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